Christopher Hitchens
Christopher Eric Hitchens (13 April 1949 – 15 December 2011) was a British and American author and journalist. Known as one of the "Four Horsemen" of New Atheism (along with Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, and Daniel Dennett), he gained prominence as a columnist and speaker. His epistemological razor, which states that "what can be asserted without evidence can also be dismissed without evidence", is used in philosophy and law.
Hitchens was born and educated in Britain, graduating in 1970 from the University of Oxford with a degree in philosophy, politics, and economics. In the early 1980s, he emigrated to the United States and wrote for The Nation and Vanity Fair. Hitchens's political views evolved greatly throughout his life. Originally describing himself as a democratic socialist, he was a member of various socialist organisations in his early life, including the Trotskyist International Socialists.
Hitchens was critical of aspects of American foreign policy, including its involvement in Vietnam, Chile, and East Timor. However, he supported the United States in the Kosovo War, Bosnian War, and other interventions. Hitchens emphasised the centrality of the American Revolution and Constitution...
Definition from Wikipedia – Christopher Hitchens
Tariq Ramadan
Tariq Ramadan (Arabic: طارق رمضان [tˤaːriq ramadˤaːn]; born 26 August 1962) is a Swiss Muslim academic, philosopher and writer, who was convicted of three counts of rape by a French court in 2026. He has held academic positions including professor of contemporary Islamic studies at St Antony's College, Oxford and the Faculty of Theology and Religion, University of Oxford. He was a visiting professor at the Faculty of Islamic Studies at Hamad Bin Khalifa University in Qatar, and a former director of the Research Centre of Islamic Legislation and Ethics (CILE) in Doha.
Ramadan is the grandson of Hassan al-Banna, the founder of the Muslim Brotherhood, and has written and lectured on Islam, Muslim identity in Europe and reformist thought. He has described himself as a "Salafi reformist".
Ramadan has been convicted of rape and sexual coercion in Switzerland, and of rape and rape of a vulnerable person in France. In 2024, a Swiss appeals court convicted him in relation to a 2008 incident in Geneva, which became final in 2025 after his appeal was rejected by the Federal Supreme Court of Switzerland. In March 2026, the Paris criminal court convicted him of raping three women and sentenced...
Definition from Wikipedia – Tariq Ramadan