Differential privacy
Differential privacy (DP) is a mathematically rigorous framework for releasing statistical information about datasets while protecting the privacy of individual data subjects. It enables a data holder to share aggregate patterns of the group while limiting information that singles out specific individuals. This is done by injecting carefully calibrated noise into statistical computations such that the utility of the statistic is preserved while provably limiting what can be inferred about any individual in the dataset.
Another way to describe differential privacy is as a constraint on the algorithms used to publish aggregate information about a statistical database which limits the disclosure of private information of records in the database. For example, differentially private algorithms are used by some government agencies to publish demographic information or other statistical aggregates while ensuring confidentiality of survey responses, and by companies to collect information about user behavior while controlling what is visible even to internal analysts.
Roughly, an algorithm is differentially private if an observer seeing its output cannot tell whether a particular individual...
Definition from Wikipedia – Differential privacy
Game theory
Game theory is the field of applied mathematics that models interactions between multiple agents as "games" of strategy between "players". It is a scientific method of describing, predicting, evaluating, and selecting choices (or "actions"), often with the view of maximising utility outcomes (or "payoffs") for one or more players.
Game theory has applications in the natural, formal and social sciences, including biology, computer science, economics, law, logic, political science, systems science, and philosophy. Subfields of game theory include algorithmic game theory, behavioral game theory, combinatorial game theory, evolutionary game theory, and quantum game theory.
In 1994, the Nobel Prize in economics was awarded to the mathematician John Nash, the philosopher John Harsanyi, and the economist Reinhard Selten for their pioneering work in game theory. Since then, game theorists who were awarded the Nobel include Thomas Schelling and Robert Aumann (2005), Leonid Hurwicz, Eric Maskin, and Roger Myerson (2007), Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley (2012), Jean Tirole (2014), and Paul Milgrom and Robert B. Wilson (2020).
Definition from Wikipedia – Game theory